Iodine deficiency disorders idd affect a large number of population living in all the continents of our planet. China iodine deficiency disorders control project english. Most preventable cause of mental retardation in the world. Goiter see figures 12, page 21 the term goiter means a thyroid gland that is bigger than normal. Today, the number of households estimated to be consuming iodized salt has jumped dramatically from 20 percent in 1990 to more than 70 percent. During pregnancy and early infancy, iodine deficiency can cause irreversible. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment. Iodine deficiency causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme salt. The iodine deficiency disorders iodine global network. Iddcp is a part of the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme which was launched in the state in december 1989. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodinedeficiency disorders. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr national. Idd is used to define a group of diseases resulting from a relative loss of iodine in the diet, including multiple defects.
National iodine deficiency disorders control programme introduction iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. Severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis andor thyroid enlargement goiter. Cairo, 21 june 2006 preparations for a fresh campaign against iodine deficiency disorder idd, the single most important preventable cause of brain damage among children, have been boosted following the completion of a training workshop for staff from the ministry of health and population, national nutrition institute and other concerned. Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet. Click on the drug to find more information including the brand names,dose,sideeffects, adverse events, when to.
Iodine deficiency disorder idd iodine is an essential constituent of the thyroid hormones. Jun 14, 2017 signs and symptoms of iodine deficiency include. In 1992, the national goiter control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorder control programmeniddcp. Oct 14, 2017 severe iodine deficiency results in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis andor thyroid enlargement goiter. It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as cretinism due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems. However, a dearth of iodine in the diet can lead to the development of iodine deficiency. The government is implementing national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp formerly known as the national goiter control programme ngcp since 1962. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders unscn. Definition iodine deficiency disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. Iodine deficiency disorders result from inadequate thyroid hormone production secondary to insufficient iodine. Iodine deficiency disorder idd is the most common endocrinopathy in the world and also the most preventable cause of mental retardation. Salt iodization is mandatory at the level of 2060 ppm. Policy on the recommendations of central council of health in 1984, the government took policy decision with the goal of universal iodization of salt by 1992 and starting of salt department in the ministry of.
Iodine deficiency disorders control listed as iddc. Iodine deficiency disorders idds are a worldwide major public health problem. Pdf iodinedeficiency disorders in the aseer region, south. Iodine is an element that directly affects thyroid gland secretions, which themselves to a great extent control heart action, nerve response to stimuli, rate of body growth, and metabolism. Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders idds, include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality, and mental retardation. It presents methods for monitoring iodine status and determining urinary iodine and provides guidelines on the procedures for monitoring salt iodine content, whether at the factory, importation site, or household level. Even mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy, which may be present in some women in the united states, may be associated with low intelligence in children. This can cause a visible lump, called a goiter, to form on your neck. Iodine, iodine deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine is an essential mineral for the survival and sustenance of the human body, and a lack of iodine in the diet can lead to many iodine deficiency disorders idd. The availability of iodine in foods differs in various regions of the world. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. Iodine deficiency disorder control programme iddcp.
Iodine deficiency disorder and the world health organization who geographically, onethird of the worlds population lives in iodinedeficient areas. Since the addition of iodine to table salt became common, iodine deficiency has rarely been seen in the us. Worldwide, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid enlargement and goiter see goiter brochure. Due to glaciations, flooding, rivers changing course and deforestation the iodine present in top soil is constantly leached.
Thus, iodine deficiency was a leading global cause of preventable mental impairment. This in turn leads to deficiency of iodine in crops grown on iodine deficient soil with consequently low iodine in the diet for livestock and humans. Whilst iodine deficiency is most commonly assessed by goitre, this is as much an indicator as the primary disorder. This is done through enforcement of the public health amendment law 2012 act 851, which states that salts for human and animal cosumption must be iodised. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency disorders in the aseer region, southwestern saudi arabia. List of drugsmedicine used for iodine deficiency disorder. Idd, which include goitre a swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck, are a group of diseases that result from a relative lack of.
The two major factors responsible for idd are inadequate iodine intake and inadequate iodine utilization. Iodine is a chemical component that needs to be substituted in the diet as the body itself cannot naturally produce it. Iodine deficiencydisorder idd ppt authorstream presentation. Iodinedeficiency disorders in the aseer region, southwestern saudi arabia. Antit 4 antiserum required for highly sensitive t 4 assay was raised in rabbits. Losses may vary among the forms of iodine used iodide vs. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring. The iodine deficiency disorders endotext ncbi bookshelf.
Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development, and is the most common cause of preventable intellectual disability in the world. Individuals in the united states can maintain adequate iodine in their diet by using iodized table salt, by eating foods high in iodine, particularly dairy products, seafood, meat, some breads, and eggs, and by taking a multivitamin containing iodine see below. It emphasizes the role of iodine deficiency in the development of brain damage and. The social and economical benefits of idd eradication and the contribution their. It is a micronutrient and normally required around 100150. Iodine is not a major public health problem for developed countries. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in the world. Iodine deficiency disorders among primary school children in eastern nepal article pdf available in the indian journal of pediatrics 781. These are conditions that arise due to a lack of necessary iodine levels in the body, and they can be cured by including healthy levels of iodine in ones diet. Iodine deficiency disorder and the world health organization. When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and.
National iodine deficiency disorders control program. The technology of iodine deficiency intervention is well established. Programs must take into account possible losses between point of manufacture or import and the consumers table. International efforts to control iodinedeficiency disorders are slowing, and. Iodine, iodine metabolism and iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency disorders are a group of diseases starting from a visible goitre in the neck to many physical and mental disorder like dwarfness, cretin, squint, abortion, stillbirths and impaired mental functions.
Epidemiology iodine deficiency is the single most important cause of preventable mental retardation. Iodine deficiency disorders idd are linked to iodine deficient soil. On a worldwide basis, iodine deficiency is the single most important preventable cause of brain damage. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development. Pdf iodine deficiency disorders among primary school. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual impairment and is associated with a spectrum of neurological and developmental pathology. Special emphasis will be put on recent developments such as the role of iodine deficiency in the development of brain damage and mental retardation, assessment of the iodine status of a population and current worldwide epidemiological data, strategies for control and monitoring of the iodine deficiency. The importance of iodine deficiency disorders idd iodine deficiency, through its effects on the developing brain, has condemned millions of people to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment.
The term iodine deficiency disorders idd refers to all the illeffects of iodine deficiency in a population that can be prevented by ensuring that the population has an adequate intake of iodine. List of drugs used to treat the medical condition called iodine deficiency disorder. People with iodine deficiency have goiters because they do not make enough thyroid hormone. Unicef has reported that kiwanisraised funds are now at work in more than 89 nations and more than 80 million children in the developing world will be born free of iodine deficiency disorder this year. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme. When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and increased neonatal and infant mortality. Aug 31, 2012 salt iodization is mandatory at the level of 2060 ppm. China iodine deficiency disorders control project english abstract. Control of iodine deficiency disorders idd monitor quality of iodized salt in the market border and inland monitoring using titration to assess the adequacy of iodized salt and rapid test kits to assess the presence of iodine. Any conditioneg, cretinism and brain damage, goiter, or hypothyroidism, attributable to iodine deficiency and corrected by adequate dietary iodine. It is the worlds most prevalent, yet easily preventable. This chapter provides a global overview of the disorders caused by iodine deficiency. The fact is that very little of the earths iodine is found in top soils, and even where this mineral is present, it may remain tightly bound up in soil particles. Control of iodine deficiency disorders idd mother, infant.
Area of severe iodine deficiency potassium iodate added to irrigation water in 3 villages. According to who a goitre rate above 5%constitutes a public health problem. Iodine deficiency disorder idd has been identified all over the world with rd of the world population exposed to the risk of idd. It sets out principles governing the use of surveillance indicators in implementing interventions to prevent, control, and monitor iodine deficiency disorders idd. The agency that is responsible for addressing idd is the nutrition section, child health division, of the department of health services under the mohp. The term iodine deficiency disorders refers to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency, which depend on its severity and the age of the affected subject. The goal in the prevention of idds is universal salt iodization usi. Iodine deficiency is a public health problem if prevalence of goiter is greater than 5% c. A lack of sufficient iodine in the diet, which can lead to inadequate production of thyroid hormone hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland goiter.
The spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders, idd ref. The outstanding assessments show highly satisfactory ratings on project outcome, and sustainability, substantial institutional development impacts, and satisfactory performances by the bank, and borrower. National iodine deficiency disorder control programme gktoday. Iodine deficiency, condition in which iodine is insufficient or is not utilized properly. The programme focusses on the promotion of iodised salt consumption to eliminate idds which are prevalent in ghana. The major role of iodine in nutrition arises from the importance of thyroid hormones to stimulate cell oxidation and play a major role in regulating the basal metabolic rate of. Iodine deficiency disorder definition of iodine deficiency. Other causes of goiter exist, but increased tsh stimulation is responsible for the goiters in areas of iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency disorder is a threat to social and economic development of a country. Iodine deficiency disorders and their prevention in india. May 26, 20 the government is implementing national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp formerly known as the national goiter control programme ngcp since 1962. Therefore, in 1962, government of india launched national goiter control program and in 1992, it is renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control program. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans.
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